《民法典·物权编》评析及法教义学的展开

《民法典》已经生效,接下来的民法学研究亦须相应地进行转型,即从立法论转向法教义学研究。一方面通过解释法律使其能够很好地得以适用,另一方面须透过法律续造推动法典的再完善。民法教义学的起点是对于法典文本自身的正确解读,从宏观上对于民法典的创新与存在的问题进行认识应当是第一步。《民法典·物权编》作为民法典的重要组成部分,不但在体系结构上存在重大创新,而且在具体制度方面亦有诸多进步,主要包括增加了居住权、构建了集体土地“三权分置”的模式、增加了添附制度、完善了担保物权制度等。当然《民法典·物权编》亦存在时而抽象过度、时而抽象不足、用益物权类型相对贫乏、物权变动模式过于复杂且缺乏逻辑一贯性、具体制度缺失等需要进一步通过法学方法论予以解释和续造之方式加以进一步完善。

Comment and Analysis of Real Rights of the Civil Code and the Development of Dogmatics of Civil Law

China's Civil Code has already come into force,therefore the research of civil law should be transformed accordingly from the theory of legislation to the study of legal dogmatics.On the one hand,the law can only be well applied through interpretation,and on the other hand,the civil code should be continuously improved by the development of legal theories.The starting point of legal dogmaticsis the correct understanding and precise interpretation of the code itself.The first step is to find out the innovation and existing problems of the civil code from a macroperspective.As an important part of the civil code,the part of real rights not only hasgreat innovation in system structure,but also has greatly improved in specific rules,including the adoption of the right of habitation,the establishment of the separation of threerights in homestead on collective land,the system of accretion,the improvement of the security interest system,etc.Of course,there are also some problems in the part of real rights such as excessiveor insufficient abstraction,insufficient types of usufructuary righst,the complicated and illogical system of real right conveyance,and lack of many specific rules in different fields,which need to be further improved by means of legal practice and interpretation.