海南黎族社会阶层分布及社会流动状况调查

对500户黎族家庭的抽样调查结果显示，海南黎族的社会阶层分布呈明显的倒丁字形结构。尽管绝大多数受访者对自身所处的社会阶层和收入不满，但仅有12．8％的人有流动经历。黎族的代内流动以低阶层间流动为主，所处社会阶层越高、受教育程度越高者流动率越低。其中上升流动率仅为29．7％，半数以上为下降流动。黎族的代际流动渠道严重不畅，主要原因在于子辈中接受高中以上教育者比例与父辈相比不升反降。提高黎族的受教育水平，改善就业环境，增强其不断流动与向上发展的愿望和进取心，是提高黎族社会现代化水平的有效途径。

A Survey on the Social Stratification and Social Mobility of the Li People in Hainan

The sample survey among the 500 Li families shows that the social stratification of the Li people in Hainan displays a structure of obviously inverted pyramid. The majority of the subjects are not satisfied with their current social strata and income while only 12.8% of them have ever mobilized. The intra-generation mobility in the Li people mainly occurs among the lower stratum, and the higher their current social stratum and education levels are, the lower the rate of their mobility is. The upgrading turnover rate is only 29.7 % while more than the half displays the trend of ple are seriously limited, downgrading turnover. The approaches of the inter-generational mobility in the Li peo- and the two main upgrading approaches are the transformation into either the staff in the commercial service industry or the industrial workers from the agricultural laborers. The major reason lies in the fact that the percentage of the child generation who receives the senior middle school or higher education is not increasing but decreasing when compared with that of the parent generation. The effective measures, such as improving the education levels of the Li people, perfecting the employment environment, strengthening their desire and enterprise for the constant mobility and upgrading development, are suggested to be taken so as to improve the social modernization level of the Li People.