论政治正当性的重建难题——以阿尔都塞对卢梭的批评为视角

阿尔都塞在揭示了卢梭《社会契约论》的现实主题、理论参照及其内部四重“错位”关系之后，批评卢梭所构造的理论秩序缺乏实践的可操作性。其实，阿尔都塞忽视了卢梭超越霍布斯与洛克对政治合法性论证路径的理论努力，没有看到卢梭通过构造“公意”以突破普遍主义与自愿主义、个人与集体之间对立的可能意义。通过对阿尔都塞解读卢梭视角的再考察，不仅可以清理关于卢梭在政治思想史中的形象的纷争，而且还可以揭示“社会契约论”在现代政治正当性重建中的致思路径与内在困难，进而可能获得一个检视西方政治哲学问题结构的宏观视角。

On the Dilemma of the Political Legitimacy Rebuilding:in the View of Althusser's Critics on Rousseau

After revealing the realistic topic and four dislocations of The Social Contract,Althusser criticized Rousseau's theory for lacking the maneuverability.In fact,Althusser neglected Rousseau's point on the political legitimacy rebuilding.The paper reviewed the variety of Rousseau's political image and the dilemma of the political legitimacy rebuilding,and then acquired a view point of the western political philosophy.