日本对自然灾害中住宅损坏的认定与救助政策

灾害救助不仅关乎人道而且可安定社会秩序。住宅是多数家庭的最大财产,而且是生活必需品。日本制定了自然灾害中住宅损坏鉴定制度,根据住宅损坏程度给予相应等级的援助。能够修理者给予免费应急修理;无法再住者则提供至多300万日元用于租房或者购建住宅、添置日用品。还有住宅重建的融资支援、各地方政府独自的援助措施等。调查显示目前的制度满意者多于不满者,约三分之二受灾家庭在重建住宅生活时无需借款。公共救助是纠正市场失误、于社会整体有益的制度。

Determination and Support Policy of Damaged Residence due to Natural Disasters in Japan

The disaster relief not only is humanitarian but also preserve the community. Residence is the largest property for most families and the necessities of life. Japan developed an appraisal system about damaged residence in natural disaster, to give the assistance of appropriate level in accordance with damage degree of the residence. The government can provide free emergency repairs to the house that can be repaired;Funded 3 million yen for rent or build houses to the resident that is unable to live and replenish commodity. There is financing policy of housing reconstruction. Survey shows that the current system is more satisfied than dissatisfied relief, there are about two-thirds of the affected families without borrowing when they are reconstructing their residing life.