战国至西汉游侠与国家互动及游侠身份转变简

游侠是在春秋战国时期社会大变革的背景下从新兴的士阶层中分化出来的特殊群体，随着它于西汉后期转化为豪族而从历史上消失了。纵观游侠作为一个实体性阶层存在的历史，它与国家互动关系表现出阶段性特征：战国时期卿相贵族招养游侠，游侠为国所用却又以武犯禁；秦代对游侠限制、打击，游侠却成为反秦力量的中坚；西汉初至景帝时期对两类游侠采取不同的策略，两类游侠一兴一衰；汉武昭宣时期对游侠采取打击与引导相结合的手段及游侠出现分化；元成至西汉末期国家对游侠进行拉拢及游侠转化为豪族。在二者的互动关系中，王权支配社会的原理起着主导作用。游侠阶层最终被逐渐强大的王权所整合。

Interaction between Chinese Knight-errant and the Central Government in the Warring States Period and Western Han Dynasty,and Status Transformation of Chinese Knight-errant

The Chinese Knight-errant was a special social stratum which emerged from the upheaval in the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period,and it integrated into Haozu at the end of Western Han Dy-nasty. The characteristics of the interaction between the Chinese Knight-errant and the Central Government are different in different times. The nobility employed the Chinese Knight-errant whereas the Knight-errant broke the law with violence while serving the country in the Warring States period. The emperor in Qin Dynasty suppressed the Chinese Knight-errant,but the Knight-errant became the backbone of the power against Qin. From the begin-ning of the Western Han Dynasty to Emperor jing period,the government adopted different strategies to two kinds of the Knight-errants,which resulted one’s rising while the other’s falling;In Emperor Han Wu-Zhao-Xuan peri-od the Knight-errant began to differentiate by means of the government ’s suppress and guidance;From Emperor Han Yuan-Cheng to the end of the Western Han dynasty,the Knight-errant became Haozu because of wooing them. In the interaction of both,the principle of royalty dominating society plays a leading role. The paladin class has been gradually integrated by the powerful kingship.