抗战前后：民族意识的强化与返本开新的困顿——中华民族精神的现代转型研究之四

抗战前后，随着民族危机的日益加深，中国人民的民族意识得到加强。从民族自保的角度，思想界相当一些人士对于民族传统文化的态度发生了变化，认为一个民族要延续，作为其象征的文化传统应该得以保存，并由此得出了返本开新的结论。然而，他们同样面临着自清末以来中华民族精神转型的一个悖论：即如果改变中国传统中的实用理性因素，那么新的民族精神必定是一个非传统甚至反传统的东西；如果不改变其中的实用理性因素，那么所谓民族精神的转型便是换汤不换药。正因为此，直至抗战结束，中华民族精神的现代转型并未成功。

Before and After Sino-Japanese War:the Strengthening of National Consciousness and the Difficulty in Making New by Going back to Tradition

During the Anti-Japanese War (1938-1945),Chinese people’s national consciousness began to strengthen with the intensifying national crisis.From the point of self –defense of a nation,many Chinese intellectuals changed their attitude toward national tradition.They thought that if a nation was to survive,its symbol,the national tradition,should be kept,thus they arrived a conclusion to make new by going back to tradition.However,they met a dilemma which had puzzled Chinese since the late period of Qing dynasty.In other words,if they changed the pragmatic factors in Chinese tradition,the new ethos would be non-tradition,or was even against tradition;and if they followed the pragmatic ones,there would be no transition in Chinese ethos.In this sense,the modernization of Chinese ethos was not successful until the end of the Anti-Japanese War.