服务业FDI对我国就业的影响

服务业FDI流入对东道国就业的影响包括就业数量和就业质量两个方面:前者又可以分为直接影响和间接影响两个层次,从影响方式来看,既有“就业创造效应”,也有“就业替代效应”;后者体现在东道国平均劳动生产率和工资水平、人力资本投资、就业结构等多个方面。实证研究结果表明:服务业FDI流入对我国就业数量的拉动作用不大,但是对提高我国就业质量具有比较显著的效果。我们认为现阶段我国引进服务业FDI,应该以创造间接的就业效应和提高就业质量、优化就业结构为主要目标;在服务业FDI的产业选择上,要大力引进资本和技术密集型的服务业FDI。

The Services FDI Effects on China's Employment

The FDI inflows into China's service field may affect both quantity and quality of the country's employment. The former, i.e., the effect on the quantity of the employment can be direct or indirect, creative or substitutive. The later, i.e., services FDI inflows affected the quality of the employment shows itself on the productivity, skills transfer, and the employment structure, etc. Our empirical study proves that the service FDI inflow into China has little influence on the scope of employment, whereas it greatly advances the quality of the country's employment. Hence the focus should be put on improving the productivity, skills and the employment structure through services FDI inflows. At meanwhile, China shall endeavor to introduce more foreign capital into the dense capital and dense technological service industries.