北宋重要诗案与诗歌发展的转向

诗案对诗歌的发展影响深远，是北宋诗歌和政治关系的一个重要切入点。北宋以儒立国，诗人以诗议政，发挥儒家政教精神，但屡屡因诗得祸。诗祸与新旧党争密切相连，从乌台诗案的政见之争，到车盖亭诗案的党同伐异，再到崇宁全面文禁的意气用事，始终贯穿着鲜明的政治特色。诗人的命运随着政党的得势与否而浮沉，而且波及的诗人一次比一次多。党派之间的权力之争、喜同恶异使诗人难以独善其身及保持创作的独立批评精神。诗人的创作经此连绵的政治打击，由经世致用转向寻求安身立命和追求纯粹技艺，崇宁四年(1105)后，北宋诗坛批评政治的诗歌陷入历史低谷。凡此，与北宋诗案的政治化本质而造成的负面影响息息相关。

Poetry Legal Case and the Poetic Development in the Northern Song Dynasty

This paper is a study on reciprocal relationship between the poetry legal case of Wutai Poetry Case,Jugaiting Poetry Case,Chongning Literary Ban and the poetic development in the Northern Song Dynasty.Since poetry legal case has far-reaching effects on poetic development,it is an important starting point to study the interrelation between poetry and politics from an in-depth investigation of the cases.It adopts an interdisciplinary research methodology to explore the origins,evolutions,political connotations and the artistic characteristics from political viewpoints. This paper is an in-depth research in six aspects.First,disputes in the poetry legal case are re-examined.Next,each poetic legal case is studied with emphasis on the chain reaction caused in poetry developments.Third,it investigates how scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty revived the orthodox poetic ideologies and promoted poetry physique reforms to restore elegance.Fourth,it analyzes the different types of content of political poetry and summarizes their overall artistic characteristics.Fifth,the proportion of political poems of each individual poet are collated for qualitative and quantitative analysis.Last,the paper strengthens the research on the poetry schools to deduce persuasive arguments from the perspective of their overall creative performance. The conclusion provides a concrete summary of the findings in each poetry legal case and offers further generalizations based on the regularity of several theoretical phenomena.First,it points out that the abrogation of the unceasing poem calamity events led to the retrogression of the political function of poetry to improve politics.Second,it points out that besides sharing a literary foundation,the homogeneous political views of the same poetic school helped strengthen their group consciousness.Third,it points out that Song poets played an important political role in the central government.The old and new party’s political struggles were closely linked to the Wutai Poetry Case,Jugaiting Poetry Case and Chongning Literary Ban.Fourth,it summarizes the artistic characteristics of Northern Song poetry from the perspectives of political spirit and poetry functionalities.Last,it focuses on the political poems of members of the Jiayou Poets School,New Party Poets School,Su Shi Poets School and Jiangxi Poets School,and points out that the number,distribution and artistic style of poems have all been influenced by poetry legal case. It is hoped that this study will have significant reference value for research on Chinese poetry and politics in different historical periods.