明见性与主体性——试析胡塞尔现象学的内在张力

胡塞尔现象学的基本原则就是明见性,它意味着现象学不预设任何前提,力求回到事情本身,或者说让事情自身显现。但在本文看来,在胡塞尔的现象学中,事情的自身显现与事情的向意识的显现之间存在着某种内在的张力。为了消除这种张力,胡塞尔开启了现象学的先验转向,将事情的自身显现还原为事情向意识的显现,并且最终还原为意识的自身显现。这样一来,现象学的明见性原则就同主体性原则合二为一。不仅如此,胡塞尔后期还引入了发生现象学的维度,希望通过对内在时间意识的发生学描述,最终化解明见性与主体性之间的张力。但是,胡塞尔最终仍然没有能够成功地化解这种张力。

Evidence and Subjectivity: A Preliminary Analysis of the Internal Tension of Husserl's Phenomenology

Husserl's phenomenology focuses on evidence and the thing itself,or the presentation of the thing itself.To reduce this tension,Husserl initiated the transcendental turn in phenomenology,that is,from the self-presentation of things to the turn from the presentation of things to consciousness and finally to the self-presentation of consciousness.In this way,the evidence principle of phenomenology and its subjectivity principle combined to form one.In his later years,Husserl brought up genetic phenomenology a...