Change in externalizing problems over time among ethnic minority youth exposed to violence |
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| Institution: | 1. RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202, United States;2. RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States;1. School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand;2. Physiotherapist, South Africa;3. University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa;1. Department of Education Policy and Leadership, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, NT, Hong Kong;2. Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, NT, Hong Kong;1. Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;3. ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;4. Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. Scottish Children''s Reporter Administration, Honorary Research Fellow, School of Social Work & Social Policy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK;2. School of Social Work & Social Policy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK;3. School of Applied Social Studies, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK;1. National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges, United States;2. Systems Change Solutions, Inc., Canada;1. Indiana University Northwest, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 3400 Broadway, Gary, IN 46408, United States;2. Department of Public Administration, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | Youth exposed to violence, many of whom are from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds, are at high risk for externalizing problems such as aggressive and oppositional behavior, conduct problems, and delinquency. Most interventions target youth with already high levels of such problems, while selective prevention efforts have received less attention. It is important for researchers, policy makers and practitioners to understand how such problems develop and change over time, and how selective prevention may impact externalizing problems. In this study, we examined one-year trajectories of externalizing problems in 883 low-income, ethnic minority youth exposed to violence who participated in randomized controlled trials testing a prevention program for high-risk youth called the Strengthening Families Program. We found three trajectories of externalizing problems: Low Externalizing (43% of the sample had consistently low levels of externalizing symptoms), Persisters (39% of the sample had consistently high levels of externalizing symptoms), and Improvers (18% of the sample had initially high levels of externalizing symptoms that decreased over time). There were demographic differences between the three trajectories with individuals in the Low Externalizing trajectory more likely to be female and younger than those in the other two trajectories and Persisters and Improvers had significantly more problems with baseline internalizing symptoms, family conflict, and parenting behavior compared to the Low Externalizing trajectory. Logistic regressions then tested several predictors of membership in the Persisters trajectory compared to the Improvers trajectory, controlling for all covariates simultaneously. Only baseline parenting behavior and intervention group membership significantly predicted trajectory membership, and these were small and unreliable effects. Thus, children with varying levels of violence exposure, co-occurring emotional/behavioral problems and family issues, and varying demographics (e.g., age and gender) may do equally well over time, but engagement in this type of intervention may increase the likelihood that high levels of externalizing problems are ameliorated over time. |
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