Co-development of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems during early childhood among child welfare-involved children |
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| Affiliation: | 1. The Ohio State University, College of Social Work, United States;2. Case Western Reserve University, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, United States;1. Department of Social Work, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan;2. Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, 203 Spidle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, United States;1. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania, Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, 13th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States;2. Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Colonial Penn Center, 3641 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States;3. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States;4. Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States;5. Division of General Pediatrics, The Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, 12th floor Northwest, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States;6. PolicyLab, The Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 15th floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States;1. Université du Québec en Outaouais, Canada;2. Centre intégré de santé et des services sociaux de l''Outaouais, Canada;3. Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada;1. Lesley University, School of Education, 29 Everett Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;2. Sookmyung Women''s University, Graduate School of Psychotherapy, Play Therapy, 100 Cheingpa-ro 47-gil, Youngsan-gu, Seoul 04310, South Korea;3. Hanyang University, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Mental Health Research Institute, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea;4. Claremont McKenna College, Department of Psychology, 850 Columbia Ave, Claremont, CA 91711, USA |
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| Abstract: | Using parallel-process latent growth curve modeling, we examine developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and identify early risk factors for behavior problems among 329 child welfare-involved children followed from age 2 years to 5 years. Data are drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II. On average, internalizing behavior problems remained stable, while externalizing behavior problems decreased over time. Higher initial levels of internalizing behavior problems were associated with higher initial levels of externalizing behavior problems. Rates of change also had positive cross-domain relationships. Child neglect, exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), insecure caregiver-child attachment, and caregiver mental health problems were associated with higher initial levels of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Exposure to IPV, out-of-home care, and caregiver drug use predicted rates of change in behavior problems. Our findings highlight the importance of comprehensive assessment and treatment for co-occurring internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in young children involved in the child welfare system. Results also indicate the need for identifying and addressing early risk factors to prevent early onset and continued development of behavior problems in high-risk children. |
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