Longitudinal trends in substance use and mental health service needs in child welfare |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Georgia School of Social Work, 279 Williams St., Athens, GA 30605, USA;2. University of Michigan School of Social Work, 1080 S. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;3. Wayne State University School of Social Work, 5447 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA;1. Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;2. Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, 2608 Erwin Road (Suite #300) Durham, NC 27705, USA;3. Kempe Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;1. School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA;2. School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;3. School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA;1. School of Social Work, New Mexico State University, 11024 Montgomery Blvd. NE, PMB #300, Albuquerque, NM 87111, United States;2. College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Hamilton College, Columbia, SC 29208, United States;3. School of Social Work, University of Denver, 2148 S. High Street, Denver, CO 80208, United States;1. Department of Sociology, Purdue University, 700 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA;2. Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, 238 Townshend Hall, 1885 Neil Avenue Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA |
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| Abstract: | Caregiver substance use and mental health problems have long been discussed as concerns in promoting positive child welfare outcomes. Yet the absence of longitudinal data focused on racial/ethnic differences in service needs and substance use has limited child welfare systems in their ability to address potential disparities. This study examines racial/ethnic trends in service needs and patterns of substances used among child welfare-involved caregivers over a 15-year period (2000–2015) from a large, urban county located in the Midwestern United States. Substance use service needs showed an increase over time among White non-Hispanic individuals, and declined over time for all racial/ethnic minority groups. Mental health service needs increased over time, with White non-Hispanic individuals experiencing the largest increase. Co-occurring service needs showed a moderate increase for all groups. Trends associated with service needs across the lifespan were relatively similar across racial and ethnic groups, with needs peaking between ages 30 and 35. When examining specific substances used, cocaine use decreased over time for all individuals. However, marijuana use increased substantially for Black/African American individuals, while opioid use increased substantially for White non-Hispanic individuals. These results highlight key areas where trends among child welfare-involved caregivers differ from population-based trends and suggest that improved coordination between child welfare agencies, mental health and substance use treatment providers may be a key step in reducing the disparities observed. |
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