北京话“正”类时间副词的历时嬗变（1750-1950）

北京话（1750-1950）“正”类副词主要包括“正”、“正在”、“正然”、“正自”等四个。“正”是“正”类副词中最重要的一个，由“远行、长征”义慢慢虚化而来。同现代汉语相比，近代汉语中的“正”可以用在“正＋VP”和“正＋VP十之间／间／之时／时／之际”结构中；随着副词双音化的发展，“正在”、“正然”、“正自”相继出现。“正在”在1750——1950年间，与“正”相互竞争，并取得了优势，在现代汉语中成为“正”类副词语法功能的主要承担者；“正然”、“正自”则在这段时期内，慢慢退化，并几近消失。

The Synchronic Changes of the Adverb Zheng and Other Related Phrases In Beijing Dialect from 1750 to 1950

The adverb 正 and other related phrases include 正在,正然, and 正自 , among which 正, the most important one, derives from the phrases 长征 or 远行. Unlike modern Chinese language, the language was used in the structures like 正＋VP and 正＋VP ＋之间/间/之时/时/之际 1750s through 1950s. With the development of syllabication in the adverbs, 正然, 正在 and 正自 emerged accordingly. Over the two hundreds years, 正在 and 正vied with one another and the former got the upper hand in the process, taking the leading role in the grammatical function of 正 and other related adverbial phrases. Meanwhile, 正然 and 正自 became out of use and had come to the verge of extinction.