英语学习中的负向迁移

任何学习过程都有迁移现象 ,所谓举一反三 ,触类旁通者都是其中之一种。然而 ,举一反三 ,触类旁通 ,仅属于“迁移现象”中的“正向迁移” ,而对另一种“迁移现象” ,即负向迁移 ,则很少论及。例如张冠李戴 ,弄巧成拙 ,就是如此。英语学习中的负向迁移 ,涉及词汇内涵、搭配、句式(包括句中的词序 )以及学习者的文化、习俗等诸多方面 ,值得在英语教学中深入研究。

On the Phenomenon of the Negative Transfer in English Learning

Transfer occurs in all processes of learning and assumes various forms. A typical case is what is commonly known as drawing inferences about other cases from one instance of grasping a specific example and understanding the whole category. But such a case belongs to the category of the positive transfer. The opposite category, i.e. the negative transfer, is much neglected and seldom discussed. A common example of this is mistaking A for B or misunderstanding the meaning of a sentence due to ignorance of cultural differences. The negative transfer can occur in different aspects of the learning process such as vocabulary connotations, collocation, sentence pattern (including sentence order), idioms as well as cultural background of the learner. Therefore, the negative transfer should be given due attention in our research on the teaching and learning of English.