对社会冲突的微观思考

社会冲突理论是社会学领域的一个主流学说,马克思、韦伯、齐美尔等古典大师曾为此做过大量的工作。20世纪70年代以后孕育的现代冲突理论,则在一定程度上修改了前辈们的观点,特别是进入20世纪80年代以后,冲突理论变得更加折衷和多样化。使我们能够清晰可见的是,冲突理论已经进入了越来越多的社会学领域。但是,从冲突理论的研究传统我们也可以发现,大多数研究者着力于宏观的视野,而对于微观的冲突理论解释甚少。本文就是在回顾了社会冲突理论传统的基础上,提出了宏观和微观冲突理论并重的思路,并进而从微观的角度来分析社会冲突。

A Micro Consideration of the Social Conflict

Theory on social conflict is one of the mainstream academic fields in social science. A number of classic scholars such as Marx and Weber have made great contributions to it. The modern conflict theories put forward after the 1970s have more or less modified the views held by the predecessors. This is particularly obvious after the 1980s, for the theories in this field have become more compromise and varied. What is clear to us is that the theory on conflict has been applied in more and more areas of social science. However, from the traditional research related to this kind of theory, we can find that most of the scholars concentrate on a macro study. They seldom involve themselves in the aspect of micro interpretation of this theory. The present paper, based on an analysis of the traditional theory on social conflict, puts forward certain views with a combination of both macro and micro approaches to the study in this area, and then, it presents an analysis of the social conflict from a micro point of view.