地域偏见和族群歧视:中国古代瘴气与瘴病的文化学解读

关于瘴气与瘴病的研究,以往学界主要集中在疾病学、历史地理学以及医疗社会史范畴;由于所谓的瘴气与瘴病并非一种疾病,而是一组包含多种地方性疾病在内的复杂疾病的统称,因而这一研究便失去了可靠基础;事实上,所谓的瘴气与瘴病,不过是以汉文化为主体的中原文化对于南方尤其是西南地区的地域偏见与族群歧视的“形象模塑”,它更多的是文化概念,而非疾病概念。随着近代医学知识的普及和中国文化优势意识的减弱,瘴气与瘴病的概念也渐趋消失。

Regional and Ethnic Prejudice: An Cultural Interpretation of Zhangqi (瘴气, Miasma) and Zhangbing (瘴病, Miasma Disease) in Traditional China

The past studies of Zhangqi and Zhangbing come mostly from the angle of disease study, historical geography, and social history of medical and health. When Zhangqi and Zhangbing are not defined as a single disease but a titleof a group of diseases including some regional diseases, the studies from those angles are lack of reliability. Actually, Zhangqi and Zhangbing have more culturalimplication rather than diseases. They can be regarded as one aspect that centre dynasty molded the image of south especially southwest region and ethnic group. The words Zhangqiand Zhangbing disappeared graduallywith the spread of the modern medical knowledgeand the weakening of the sense of superiority of Chinese traditional culture. nmedicalknowledgeandtheweake