项目团队成员怠工行为修正的理论模型

项目团队并不总能实现预期目标,项目团队中存在的某些问题属于怠工行为的表现,项目团队中怠工行为修正亟待研究。采用定性研究方法,按照行为修正分析模式,以行为修正理论、态度改变理论、态度与行为理论、认知平衡理论等为理论基础,经理论与文献研究提出:项目团队成员怠工行为与项目团队绩效的关系、工作态度在工作情境认知与怠工行为之间中介作用关系、团队文化认知在工作情境认知与工作态度之间调节作用关系,从而构建起项目团队成员怠工行为修正的理论模型。

A Theoretical Model for the Modification of Counterproductive Work Behaviors in Project Teams

Project teams do not always function as expected because of the counterproductive work behavior(CWB) of project teams.Many studies have shown that CWB hurts organizational effectiveness and individual work performance.No researchers have conducted studies about project teams’ CWB and its modification.The analytical mode of behavior modification was applied based on related theories.This study aims to establish a theoretical model for the modification of the project team members’ CWB based on the analysis of the relationship between preceding and consequential factors of CWB. A qualitative research method is employed to establish the relationship between preceding and consequential factors of CWB in the following two sections.First,the mediating effect of work attitude on work context cognition and CWB in project teams is studied.It has been experimentally tested that work context cognition has a direct impact on CWB in project teams.Relationships among work context cognition,work attitude,and CWB are further investigated.The study demonstrates that work context cognition has a positive effect on work attitude.In addition,work attitude has a positive effect on CWB.Consequently,work attitude has a mediating effect between work context cognition and CWB in project teams.Second,the moderating effect of team culture cognition on work context cognition and work attitude is studied.Based on the cognitive equilibrium theory,this study proposes that team culture cognition would restrain the occurrence of CWB by adjusting its effect on the CWB’s preceding factor(work context cognition). When adding the element of team culture cognition,another cognition element(work context cognition) is partially changed.As a result,the relationship between work context cognition and CWB in project teams tends to reach equilibrium.The frequency of CWB is reduced through the change of work attitude.As team culture cognition meets the standards of moderator,the moderating effect of team culture cognition on the relationship between work context cognition and work attitude is further established. A theoretical model for the modification of project team members’ CWB is proposed.On the basis of cognitive equilibrium theory,the balanced relationship between work context cognition and team culture cognition can change the attitude of project team members.According to the cognition maladjustment theory,the relationship between work context cognition and work attitude becomes harmonious by adding some new cognitive element-team culture cognitions.Therefore,in accordance to the former analytical mode of behavior modification,a theoretical model for the modification of the project team members’ CWB(from work context-team culture cognition equilibrium to work attitude change,and to CWB modification) is established. Consequently,the cognition equilibrium relationship between team culture cognition and work context cognition in project teams can be established.In addition,team culture cognition has a moderating effect on the relationship between work context cognition and work attitude.The cognition equilibrium will make a change on work attitude.When working,attitude of project team members has a mediating effect on the relationship between work context cognition and CWB,the effect of work context cognition on CWB can be changed along with the change of work attitude.CWB modification can be ultimately realized.