跨国企业嵌入集群下链与链竞争动态网络模型分析

在产业集群背景下,跨国企业携技术领先优势进入集群,经历从竞争嵌入(斯坦伯格博弈)到融合均衡(古诺博弈)两阶段。基于此,本文研究集群原有供应链在跨国企业嵌入后,形成原供应链与新供应链之间相互竞争,以及最终达到集群整体网络动态均衡的变化过程,通过利用变分不等式和动态博弈方法,建立起考虑汇率下的链与链动态竞争网络模型,并给出相应的算法。通过实例发现,在第一阶段原有集群供应链能保持较高的消费者满意度,且市场占有率高于跨国企业供应链;在第二阶段,跨国企业供应链的市场占有率则反超。更重要的是,在第二阶段集群市场整体销量和整体利润总和均高于第一阶段。

A Chain-to-chain Dynamic Competition Network Model for the Industry Clusters of Multinational Companies

Multinational companies are extending business scope worldwide to sharpen their core competitiveness.Industry cluster has become a more and more important platform and an industrial form of China economy.Because the entire supply chain locating is available in an industry cluster,multinational enterprises can quickly respond to market and achieve operational efficiency.An increasing number of multinational enterprises,including Dell,Cannon and HP in IT clusters of Dongguan and SuZou Province in China,have actively taken advantage of the domestic cluster,and established the production base in order to serve their supply chain.In the process of establishing presence in the industry cluster,these multinational enterprises are breaking original supply chain network equilibrium.This paper analyzes the process from multinational entering domestic cluster to forming the new supply chain to cluster supply chain network equilibrium,by using the variational inequality and dynamic game.This paper uses the variational inequality and dynamic game theories to analyze the process of transforming multinational enterprises from a domestic-based to an international-based industry cluster. First,according to the dynamic game path this paper explores the competitive models of producers,wholesalers and retailers before multinational enterprises enter a domestic industrial cluster.Maximizing profit is the goal of these three models.Individual equilibrium conditions are clarified from the perspective of variational inequality.A profit model for local cluster supply chains is established.Second,this paper considers multinational technology and capital advantages after multinational enterprises enter industrial cluster and form their own supply chains embedded into an industrial cluster.The exchange rate and capital time value become important because multinational enterprises begin to enter different regions and countries over the world.We therefore construct a chain-to-chain competitive network model for multinational enterprises embedded in the international industry cluster. Multinational companies completely embedded into a domestic cluster will gradually lose their competitiveness in the long run because of the increased competitiveness of local firms.Multinational enterprises will be forced to enter the melted equilibrium stage from the first stage of competitive embedding stage.This paper explored both stages of the supply chain cluster transformation by testing the optimal equilibrium conditions.Furthermore,the difference of equilibrium solutions is adjusted to determine its states by judging whether the difference is zero,and Euler and iterative principle are introduced to represent its algorithm. At last,we used a case study to demonstrate that in the first stage the original local supply chain maintains high customer satisfaction and market share and achieves higher supply chain performance than international supply chain in which multinational firms are embedded.However,after moving into the second stage,international supply chains perform much better than domestic supply chains.Indicators for the improved performance in the second stage include increased market share,and the overall market sales and profit.