冷链物流采购第一评分密封招投标研究

针对食品冷冻、冷藏的冷链物流是一种特殊物流,食品安全和品质是其首要目标,同时还要考虑到及时性、运营成本等属性,所以冷链物流采购要考虑的是一个多目标问题.为采用招投标制度构建高效现代的物流采购市场,设计专门的招投标规则来对相应的物流供应商进行遴选有着非常的必要性.本文将多目标置于采购方的评分函数中,通过设计第一评分密封招投标规则来突破只对价格的考虑,对推动冷链流的高效采购和行业发展具有现实意义.

Procurement of Cold-Chain Logistics Based on the First-Score Sealed Bidding

The primary goals of cold-chain logistics for food refrigeration are food safety and quality.Cold-chain logistics also needs to consider the importance of timeliness,cost,and so on.Thus,procurement of cold-chain logistics is a multi-objective problem.To construct modern and efficient logistics procurement market,the design of specific bidding rules is necessary.This paper integrates multiple objects into the score function of the procurement side,and uses the first-score sealed bidding rule to remove the limitation of considering only the price.The findings of this paper have practical contributions to promoting the efficient procurement of cold cold-chain logistics. First,this paper discusses the classic auction theory assuming that auction items and item price are known variables.However,in reality a single-price auction does not have properties required in many logistics service transactions.Different from the traditional logistics,cold chain logistics not only considers cost minimization but also optimizes logistics properties,including safety,freshness,timely and cost,etc.Food safety attribute is particularly important for cold-chain logistics.Products involved in cold chain logistics range from agricultural products,such as vegetables,fruits,meat,poultry and eggs,to aquatic products,such as frozen food,packaging cooked food.Optimally integrated properties are essential to the logistics of the food industry.These properties can encourage logistics enterprises to achieve technological innovations and effective incentive mechanisms. Second,we transfer the traditional reverse one-price sealed-bid auction model into the first-score sealed bidding model.However,the model tries to optimize multiple factors,including cost and quality,rather than minimize the single factor of cost.The allocation rules and payment rules of the multi-attribute score auction model are evolved from the traditional one-price sealed auction.However,the allocation and payment functions are based on the composite score auction rather than price principle.The purchaser of logistics services chooses one multiple logistics service provider to reach agreement via the design of auction rules. Third,the logistics value of many products is very sensitive to the degree of realization of a number of quality indicators.This paper adopts the multi-attribute auction theory to design an integrated score auction model.An optimal strategy and a score function are proposed based on the cost and utility functions of the bidder. In summary,suppliers of cold-chain logistics have different supply cost and service quality because of their difference in management ability,technical ability,and operational capacity.According to the competitive bidding of logistics service providers,our proposed auction mechanisms can help achieve efficient allocation of logistics resources based on an enterprise’s supply capacity.