隐性的机构精简与南宋中央集权之弱化——论南宋地方行政机构的“兼职”现象

南宋中后期,地方行政机构中同级或上下级机构的长官互相兼职日渐增多,这种非制度层面的"隐性"因素,导致真实的地方行政权力分配格局偏离条文所显示的理想格局,行政权力由底层的县向中、上层的州、路和制置司、总领所集中。若将中、上层级的地方政府看作一个整体,其内部又出现不同机构之间权力合并的迹象。更为重要的是,正是由于这种"隐性"因素的推动,使得南宋时期行政权力的分配格局日益不利于中央集权。

The Implicit Government Downsizing and the Weakening of the Centralization:Also on the Plurality in the Local Organizations during the Southern Song Dynasty

During the mid to late Southern Song Dynasty,it was increasingly common for a dominative official of local service to work in other departments.This non-system practice resulted in the fact that the actual complexion of the local power-assignment did not conform to its ideal plan.The authority was concentrated from counties on the base level,to eparchies(zhou),provinces(lu),and governors(zhizhi si),which were on the middle and the high levels.Meanwhile,there was a course of power-concentrating among different departments on all the middle and the high levels.Finally,this factor weakened the power centralization in the Southern Song.