对艾森豪威尔时期美国在不发达地区开展经济援助外交的历史考察

冷战时期美国对第三世界国家实施的经济援助外交是其遏制战略的重要组成部分。尽管领袖个人因素和国内因素对美国外交政策选择起到一定作用,但美苏争霸的国际背景和对第三世界的争夺态势,从根本上影响着艾森豪威尔政府的战略考量和决策,因此美国在这一期间对不发达地区的经援外交经历了初期收缩援助——中期重视经援外交——末期加大援助力度这一起伏发展历程。尽管这一时期的经济援助外交成效并不明显,但推进和固化了美苏从意识形态战争到经济冷战的新边界,也为肯尼迪时期将发展援助确定为长期国策打下基础。

A Historical Study on Economic Aid Diplomacy of the United States to Underdeveloped Areas during Eisenhower's Presidency

During the cold war, economic aid diplomacy to tess developed countries was one of the important elements of Containment Strategy. During Eisenhower＇s two presidencies, the economic aid diplomacy to underdeveloped areas had been through an unusual course from contraction to reinforcement. The overall international background of US-USSR competition in less developed countries had deeply shaped the strategic thinking and decision-making process of US. And the practice of economic aid diplomacy in 1950s had laid a foundation to Kennedy＇s development aid policy.