艺术人类学的西方语境与中国实践

艺术人类学无论是作为一种学术流派还是作为一种研究方法,抑或作为一种基本视野和思维背景,它的命名和提出,对于人类学关于艺术的研究起到了弥补性的作用。作为一种现代性话语,艺术人类学是来自英美的学术流派,最初都基本上集中关注遥远的、远古的原始艺术,随着人类学研究范式的转换,人类学的艺术研究也转向对现实生活的艺术现象的关注。关注特定时空的文化群体,强调参与观察和设身处地的文化体验,通过文化对话和文化体认,以民族志书写方式进行学术思考,以观察—体验—追问—反思的提问方式进行艺术观点的归纳提炼和构建。这样一种学术逻辑,使得中国的艺术人类学实践的多角度展开和多学科切入成为可能。因此,无论是文艺学学科视角的切入还是人类学学科的拓展,艺术人类学在当下中国的实践正日渐表现出强烈的问题意识和当下意识,越来越凸显出浓厚的文化研究、文化批评的学科素质。

On Western Context of Anthropology of Art and its Practice in China

As an academic genre,or as a research method,or as a vision and thinking background,the naming and presentation of anthropology of Art have been played an important role in anthropological study of art.As a modern discourse,it belongs to the Anglo-American academic genres.Initially it mainly focused on primitive art of ancient times in remote areas.With the conversion of anthropological paradigm,its study vision concerns the art of real-life and the groups＇ culture in a specific time and space,participation observation and cultural experience is also emphasized,ethnography approach such as observe-experience-ask-reflect is demanded for the making and drawing of artistic conclusions.Such an academic logic makes the multi-angles and multi-disciplinary practice of Anthropology of Art in China possible.Thus,the perspectives of literature or extension of anthropology,its practice in contemporary China is increasingly showing the strong consciousness and awareness of contemporary issues,showing the discipline characteristics of cultural studies and cultural criticism.