限制兼任教师与民国大学学术职业发展

民国初期,政府通过教学工作量将大学教师职业划分为专任教师和兼任教师两种类型。当时,大学盛行聘请兼任教师及专任教师在外校兼课,兼任教师和专任教师之间的区别不明显。这种现象受到了海内外学者的批评,此后,中国的学界、大学和政府逐渐限制兼任教师:学界注重构筑官职和学术职业的界限,限制大学专任教师兼任官职|大学约束本校教师外出兼课|政府限制大学聘请过多的兼任教师。到民国后期,中国大学学术职业的专任程度逐步提高。这一历程反映了大学由注重教学绩效向关注学术质量的转变。

Restricting Part-time Faculties to Improve University Academic Profession in the Republic of China

In the initial stage of the Republic of China , the university academic profession was divided into the full-time teacher and the part-time teacher according to the teaching work load by the government .It was popular that the universities employed part-time teachers and that full-time teachers in a university held concurrent teaching jobs in other academic institutions . There was no obvious differences between full-time teachers and part-time teachers . This phenomenon was criticized by both international and domesticscholars .The universities and the government began tolimit part-time teacher employment . The academic circle paid great attention to constructing a boundary between the government position and the academic occupation . They limited a full-time faculty at a university from holding a concurrent government position .The universities restrained their full-time teachersfrom going out to hold concurrent teaching jobs while the government limited the universities from employing too many part-time teachers . In the later period of the Republic of China , full-time faculty positions increased gradually in the university academic profession . This course reflected that the universities shifted their attention on instructive efficiency to academic quality .