民初政党政治与政体选择

政权的组织形式直接决定着政权的运行方式,并体现着政权的归属。研究一个国家的政体形式是古往今来的思想家们极为关注的问题。清末民初的政党政治中,最为关键的一个问题是政体选择。在推翻满清王朝的斗争中,选择什么样的政体一直是各方斗争的焦点。中华民国建立后,总统制与内阁制的斗争贯穿于政党政治的始终。由于历史、传统、当时的国际形势等多种原因影响,中国未能选择并形成最为恰当的政体形式,这成为民初政党政治失败的重要诱因和关键因素。

Party Government and Selection of a Political System in Early Republic of China

The form in which a political power is organized determines the way the power is exercised and of whom it is.The form of a regime has been a concern among thinkers ancient and modern.A crucial issue during the late Qing and early Republican period in China was the selection of a political system,for which the political forces had fought fiercely against each other.Even after the Republic of China was founded,the fight over whether to have a president or a cabinet had never ceased.Owing to the combined historical,traditional and the international situation at that moment and other factors,China had failed to select and form an appropriate form of regime,which was a key inducer and cause of the failure of the party government in early Republic of China.