文学史方法:从现代到后现代--兼论对我国新世纪文学史研究实践的启示

二十世纪是西方文学史研究方法空前活跃的时代。面的拓展与点的掘进同时并举,使得西方现代主义的文学史研究方法呈现为一种立体的架构,且大致可分为两大思潮:一是标举“体验”性的人文主义诗学,二是注重实证的科学主义诗学。后现代主义文学史研究方法在思维方式上坚持一种专事否定的流浪者的思维,致力于“稗史”的创造和“碎片式”的结构,带有明显的“破坏性”、“表演性”和“随意性”,更注重对文本的阅读与接受过程及对现代主义文学史研究方法的超越。这给我国新世纪的文学史研究实践带来了具体的启示,即必须具有广阔的文化视野和学术批判眼光,在运用诸种方法时应注意文学史对象的适用性、可行性和方法之间的互补性,并最终做到“至法无法”。

The Research Method of Literary History:From Modernism to Postmodernism-- Also on its Inspiration to the Research Practice of Literary History in the New Century of China

The research method of western literary history reached an all- time high in the 20th century. It appears in a stereoscopic structure and may be roughly divided into two trends of thought. One is the poems of humanism with the slogan of learning through practice, the other is that of science with the emphasis on substantial evidence. The research method of literary history of postmodernism insists on the thinking of tramps particularly in negation, and it pays much more attention to the process of reading and understanding the text, a surpassing development from that of modernism. All these cause concrete inspirations to the research practice of literary history in the new century of china.