本能与道德

本能是一种原始生命力,而原始生命力既可以是创造性的,也可以是破坏性的。过度放纵本能会破坏人格的完整。道德的起源与发展并非与本能是对立的,恰恰相反,它是为维护人的长远利益而产生的,“与本能对立只是它们与本性之关系的最外在的表现,在深层,文化正顺应着人类潜在的可能性。”所以,本能与道德并非一对死敌,提倡道德同样也是保护人的本能。爱欲存在的矛盾提醒我们:爱需要教导,需要学习,需要与人格的成长相伴而行。人的任务是通过意识的深化和拓展,把原始生命力整合到自我之中,强健自我的任务是学会坦然面对、合理转换,能够疏导并驾驭自己。

Instinct and Morality

Instinct is a kind of primitive life-force, which may be either creative or destructive. Excessively indulging in instinct will ruin one's personality. The origin and development of morality do not conflict with instinct. On the contrary, it came into existence for maintaining the long-term interests of human being. "Its conflict with instinct is just the external manifestation of their relationship. As a matter of fact, culture goes along with the potential possibility of human being." Thus, instinct and morality are not a pair of implacable foes. Advocating morality is also protecting instinct of human being. The contradiction between love and desire reminds us that love needs instructions and studies. It also grows with the development of personality. The task of human being is to make the primitive life-force a part of ego by deepening and broadening their consciousness. In order to strengthen ego, one must learn how to face himself calmly and confidently, how to shift roles reasonably, how to lead and control himself.