从全真与禅宗看中国宗教思想的审美化

全真与禅宗是中国佛道二教中两个具有代表性的流派,其思想均表现出明显的人生审美化倾向,这主要体现在3个方面:(1)以人之“心性”为核心,表现出强烈的生命意识,流露出审美人生的本质特征;(2)淡化神性,肯定现实人生,高扬人的主体性,是审美精神的彰显;(3)主张此岸超脱,在凡尘俗世中修炼得道,在此岸中获得个体的生命自由和心灵解放,体现出强烈的人生审美化特点。基于全真与禅宗在中国宗教中的地位,其宗教思想的审美化倾向具有相当的代表性,对二教的研究可作为揭示中国宗教审美人生化的一个突破口。

The Tendency of Aestheticization of Chinese Religious Thoughts in Light of Quanzhen Taoism and Chanzong Buddhism

As two representative schools of Chinese religions, both Quanzhen Taoism and Chanzong Buddhism show an evident tendency of aestheticization of life, which mainly embodies in three sides: first, their thoughts represent strong life consciousness with human nature as a core; second, they dilute deity, affirm real life and uplift human subjectivity; third, they claim to transcend real world, obtaining freedom of individual soul in real life. All of those show up the evident characteristics of life-aestheticization. Considering the status of Quanzhen and Chanzong Buddhism in Chinese religions, the tendency of life- aestheticization in their religious thoughts may be seen as a breakthrough to open out the aestheticization of Chinese religions.