生态系统视域下城市多族群社区社会工作的推进策略

伴随改革开放后城市化进程和全球化浪潮的日益加速,越来越多的本土少数民族和跨境族群集聚于中国城市生活,形成兼具商业功能和居住功能的多族群互嵌式社区。单一族群居住型社区向多族群混居型社区的转变不仅使城市社区居民的服务需求呈现多样化和精细化特征,也为传统社区社会工作的实务模式带来新的挑战。当前,我国城市多族群社区社会工作存在社区居民服务需求多样、族际文化观念与宗教信仰不同、本地族群接纳程度有限、多元化社工人才不足等现实境况。本文从生态系统理论出发,将典型的广州越秀区非裔黑人社区作为研究对象,聚焦于外来族群居民与社区环境之间的相互影响和联系,以此为基础探讨二者叠加效应下城市多族群社区社会工作的拓展诉求。通过创新社工服务的内容与形式、搭建民族文化社区交流平台、增强不同族群间的信任网络和注重培养多元化社工人才等途径,提升城市多族群社区社会工作服务能力,促进各族群成员的和谐共生。

Promotion Strategy of Social Work in Urban Multi-ethnic Community from the Perspective of Ecological System

With the acceleration of urbanization and globalization since China’s reform and opening-up,an increasing number of Chinese ethnic minorities and cross-border ethnic groups gather in domestic cities and form multi-ethnic communities with the function of both commerce and residence. The transformation from single-ethnic residential communities to ethnically mixed communities not only require social work agencies to offer more diversified and refined services for residents in urban communities,but also bring new challenges to the practical mode of traditional community social work.At present,the social work of urban multi-ethnic communities in China is facing some practical difficulties,such as diverse service demands of community residents,the differences of cultural concepts and religious beliefs in ethnic groups,inadequate social acceptance of local ethnic groups and the insufficiency of social workers of diversity. Based on the theory of ecological system,this article takes the typical community of African blacks in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou as the research object and focuses on the interaction and relationship between the residents of foreign ethnic groups and the community environment,of which discusses the demand for promotion of social work in urban multi-ethnic communities under the superimposing effect. By innovating the content and form of social work services,building platforms for the exchanges of ethnic cultural in communities,strengthening the trust network among different ethnic groups and focusing on the cultivation of diverse social workers,the ability and level of social work services can be facilitated and the relationships of harmonious coexistence can be developed in urban multi-ethnic communities.