马克思话语中人的本质及其发展

实践是应然实然化的过程。作为实践主体,人既是实然的,又是应然的。因此,人的本质提问包括两个向度:"人是什么"和"人应当是什么"。后者以前者为前提;前者又以后者为答案。人的本质因此具有双重规定:实然本质——由当下一切社会关系的总和所决定;应然本质——"自由的自觉的活动"——根源于人类有效实践活动对人自身的必然要求。人的双重本质既决定了人的本质发展的基本内容,也为这种发展提供了来自人的本质内部的根据和动力。人的本质发展是在实践活动的推动下,通过实然本质和应然本质转化互相实现的。

Human Essence and Its Development in Marxist Discourse

Practice is a process of "should be"and "really be".As subject of practice,man has both of it,so human essence has two aspects of"What is man"and"What should man be".The essence of"really be"is decided by the summation of all social relationships;and the essence of"should be"is free and self-conscious activity originating from human practical activities demanding humans necessarily.Both essences decide human development and content,which is realized by the pushing of practical activities and the mutual transformation of "should be" and "really be".