从《文选》看中古作家的地域分布

考察《文选》所选录的中古作家的地域分布,可以看出该时期不同发展阶段各地文学盛衰变化的情况。大致说来,从西汉中叶直到东汉前半期,关中一带的学术、文艺极为繁荣。随着东汉迁都洛阳,太学等学术中心亦随之东移,士子辐辏于洛阳,曾是全国文化中心的关中地区逐渐衰落。东汉的"羌乱"及西部人民东迁对后来的文坛格局产生了较大的影响。《文选》选录三国时代作家二十二人,大部分集中于东部地区。西晋运祚虽短,但被《文选》选录的作家却达三十二人,其地域分布似较两汉、三国有所扩大,但人数最多的仍然是今山东和河南的黄河沿岸一带及淮北地区,这些地方从战国以来,就是学术和文化最兴盛之地。《文选》选录东晋南朝作家共三十六人,绝大部分为黄河以南人氏,形成这一状况的原因是多方面的。

A Survey of the Geographic Distribution of the Mediaeval-Time Writers from Wen Xuan

Inspecting the geographic distribution of the mediaeval-time writers recorded in Wen Xuan will reveal the vicissitudes of literature in different developing periods of this era. Roughly speaking, from the middle of the Western Han Dynasty to the early half of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the period witnessed the flourishing of science and literature. However, with the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty moving to Luoyang, the academic centers, like the Imperial College, moved west and young men flowed to Luoyang, as a result, the central Guanzhong plain, which had even been the cultural center of China, declined gradually. Both the civil disturbance of Qiang nationality during the reign of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the eastward migration of the people in the western part exerted a great influence over the situation of the literature world in the following years to come. Wen Xuan recorded selectively 22 writers of the period of San Guo, most of them lived in the eastern area. Though the Western Jin Dynasty thrived for a short period, the writers included in Wen Xuan total 32. Their geographic distribution seemed to be enlarged to some extent, but most of them still gathered in the areas of Shandong and Henan alongside Yellow River and the areas to the north of the Huaihe River. These areas, ever since the Zhan Guo Period, were the most flouring areas in science and literature. The writers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Southern Dynasties included in Wen Xuan totaled 36, most of whom lived in the areas to the south of Yellow River. The facts that caused it are multifarious.