北京地区森林资源损失额的价值计量研究概述

森林资源与北京地区社会经济、发展及人文、生态环境建设之间有着密切的依存关系。然而,由于自然、社会和历史原因,北京地区森林资源的人工性、人为干扰性十分突出,即森林资源易遭受各种自然灾害侵袭和人为破坏,这些都会给森林资源带来重大损失。在北京地区的林业执法实践中,对这种森林资源损失案件损失额度大小的计量,始终缺乏科学、合理的计量标准和客观、系统的评估方法,也没有一种科学的衡量尺度和处罚依据,妨碍了林业执法的公正和公平。因此,迫切需要建立一套科学合理的评价体系和计量标准,运用到林业案件实际处理中,从而满足林业管理及林业执法实践的需要。该文根据不同类型森林资源损失所具有的不同特点,依据总评估中“分类评估”的思路与原则,形成了不同森林资源损失类型,包括林木损失、种苗损失、野生动物损失、野生植物损失以及林地损失的具体的评估思路,相应地形成了森林资源损失的5大类16亚类的分类评估体系。并进一步建立了不同森林资源损失类型的评估结构和计量模型,包括林木损失额及野生植物损失额的总评估结构与总计量模型,种苗损失额、野生动物损失额、林地损失额的总评估结构、总计量模型与分计量模型。该文提出的评估思路、评估结构以及最终建立的一系列计量模型,不仅可以为不同森林资源损害的经济赔偿提供参考,而且可以为林业执法及处理林事纠纷提供科学依据。

General Introduction of Value Calculation about Amount of Forest Resources Losses in Beijing Area

There is a close relation between forest resources and the social economy development,humanianity and eco-environment in Beijing area.However,because of natural,social and historical reasons,forest resources in Beijing have great man-made performance.In another word,the resources are easily damaged by natural disasters and human beings,which will cause huge losses.While in Beijing,there hasn't been any scientific or reasonable calculation standard,or objectic and systematic evaluation method,to calculate the amount of forest resources losses.We have no scientific measure or punishing bases,either.Those all hamper the just and fair of enforcing the law.Therefore,it is urgent to set up a series of scientific and reasonable evaluation system and calculation standard,to be applied into practical forestry cases and meet the need from forestry management and law's enforcing.In this article,according to distinguishing features of different kinds of forest resources losses,there are several concepts: first,specific evaluating thinking about different kinds of forest resources losses,including losses of trees,of nursery stock,of wild animals,plants and losses of forest field.Second,classified evaluation system of forest resources losses,including five main kinds and then sixteen sub-kinds.Third,evaluation construction and calculating models for different kinds of forest resources losses,including the amount of tree losses,nursery stock losses,wild animals and plants losses,and forest field losses.These concepts mentioned above can offer reference to economic compensation of different losses of forest resources and scientific bases of law's enforcing as well as forestry issues.