历史决定论：历史的考察和现状的分析

历史运动的规律性、目的性和选择性及其关系 ,历来是历史哲学关注的中心和争论的焦点 ,而问题的实质仍是如何看待历史决定论尤其是马克思主义历史决定论。从历史上看 ,历史决定论在近代历史哲学中占据统治地位 ,而反历史决定论观念则是现代历史哲学中的主导思潮 ;就逻辑而言 ,如何看待历史决定论问题体现为如何把握历史规律与人的活动的关系 ,历史运动的合规律性与合目的性的关系 ,历史发展的决定性与选择性的关系 ,历史本身的客观性与历史认识的主观性、相对性的关系等一系列问题。历史决定论与反历史决定论的论战是 2 0世纪哲学研究中最困难、最有争议同时又最富有内容的问题之一。因此 ,弄清这一问题的由来 ,把握这一问题的现状及其问题之所在 ,是一个重要的哲学课题

Historical Determinism: Analysis of Historical Survey and Reality

The law, purposefulness, as well as choice and of historical movement and their interrelationships have always been the center and focus of historical and philosophical concern. However, the essence of the issue is still how to look at historical determinism, especially Marxist historical determinism. From a historical perspective, historical determinism has held a dominant position in modern historical philosophy while anti-historical determinism ideas have been the mainstream ideological trends in modern philosophy of history. Logically, the way of looking at historical determinism reflects the way of mastering such series of questions as the relationship between the law of history and human activities, the relationship between the regularity and purposefulness of historical movements, the relationship between determinism and selection of historical development, the relationship between objectivity, subjectivity and relativity of history itself. The debate between historical determinism and anti-historical determinism is one of the most difficult, most disputatious and the richest issues in the philosophical studies in the 20th century. Therefore, clarifying the origins of this issue and mastering the current state and the core of this issue is an important philosophical subject of study.