论孔子与怪诞的复杂关系

孔子与怪诞有着千丝万缕的联系,在民间传说里他不但大量"语"了"怪",而且他本人身上就包含了不少怪诞的因素。孔子也经常思考和谈到天、命、天命、鬼神、祭祀等神秘怪诞的问题,并对这些问题常常感到很迷惘。孔子对待怪诞的心态是很矛盾的,一方面,他明确提出"不语怪",对怪诞采取了尽力回避的态度,并将一些怪诞现象尽量进行历史化的解释;另一方面,他又在有些场合对一些怪诞现象津津乐道。特别耐人寻味的是,在实际行动上,孔子不仅有时肯定了怪诞,而且常常把怪诞与现实生活联系起来,用以预测现实、指导生活。

On the Complicated Relations between Confucius and the Grotesque

There are countless relations between Confucius and the grotesque.In folklore,Confucius not only often talked about the grotesque,he himself but also contained many grotesque factors.Confucius also often pondered over and talked about nature,fate,destiny,ghost,sacrifice and other grotesque problems.And he was often puzzled to these problems.Confucius was very contradictory to the grotesque.On one hand,he clearly posed no talking about the grotesque,trying his best to avoid the grotesque,and making some grotesque phenomena to be historical explanation.On the other hand,he also dwelled upon with relish to some grotesque phenomena in some occasions.Specially providing much food for thought,in practice,Confucius not only sometimes affirmed the grotesque,and often got it in touch with real life,in order to predict the reality and guide life.