中国古代大儒情怀的变异

中国历代大儒在建构其儒家文化传统的过程中 ,并非完全执著于儒家人格理想和“知其不可为而为之”的人生态度 ,而是在人生进取中 ,相当明显地体现出儒家人生情怀的变异 :吸纳道家情怀和采取以佛济儒的方式 ,即在他们积极进取的同时 ,往往伴随着一种自然潇散的人生形式和超然忘我的人生境界 ,并由此化出混同自然、任性无为、超然无累的生命态度 ,以及当这种坚持受到极大的阻碍时 ,他们中的一些人又会暂时放弃执著而用佛家的方式去继续这种人生努力。道家人生情怀与以佛济儒是中国古代大儒在人生进取受阻时所产生的人生反应和应急措施。从文化价值上看 ,历代大儒将道家情怀引入自己的人生境界的实践 ,为执著入世的儒学士子开拓出新的人生境界 ,改变了儒家人格理想上单向度的人格塑造 ,从而使儒家人格增加了实践上的经受挫折的力度 ;而大儒的以佛济儒的人生方式 ,则从人生实践的层面上提供了各文化体系融合的仪范 ,显示出各种文化相参并济的社会价值

Variant Leanings of Great Confucian Scholars in Ancient China

While structuring Confucianism, great Confucian scholars in ancient China were not entirely devoted to the pursuit of Confucian moral ideals. In actual fact, they were often inclined to resort to Taoism or Buddhism as a way out when they had setbacks in their career. In other words, their enterprising spirit was often accompanied by a kind of aloofness and unrestrainedness. In doing so they set up new ideals for their life, and therefore were better prepared for setbacks. To supplement Confucianism with Buddhism as a way of life for the Confucian scholars set an example of the fusion of different cultures.