北朝诸卿制度的变迁研究

始于秦汉的三公九卿中央制度在发展的过程中,呈现了许多弊端,汉晋时存在着立、改、废的争辩。北朝时期,诸卿的职司机构在经历种种选择和扬弃后,被赋予新的制度内涵,为隋唐尚书寺监运行体制的确立打下了基础。北朝诸卿制度的变化已呈现出尚书和诸卿分工配合、相互对口、相互承接的体制特征,具体又有四个特点:国家政务机构与宫廷事务机构逐步分离;军事色彩从普通行政机构中剥落;生产领域的农、牧、手工业管理职司更加分明;诸卿之间一般庶务职司不断细化。影响北朝卿制与尚书等其他制度得以理顺和卿制逐步细化定型的,有社会经济发展对新型制度的需求、制度变迁和理顺成本、新型制度的效能等具体因素。经过改造后的北朝卿寺制度,比起南朝,更体现了制度的进步和效率。

On the Dukedom System of the Northern Dynasties

The dukedom system established in the Qin Dynasty demonstrated many defects ever since its appearance and in the Northern Dynasties period, with the influence from the northern minorities who invaded China and established their own kingdoms, the system began to reform itself for the better and prepared the Tang Dynasty for a more reasonable supervision system. The reform was in such field as the separation of administrative business from royal court affairs, elimination of military features from administration, definition of responsibilities in different management domains and so on. The reformed system demonstrated a great degree of progress.