对比：一种小说结构的探讨

对比是隐含在小说情节背后的基本叙事结构，是小说意义呈现的基本方式，小说世界中呈现的对比关系是小说与存在的对应关系的艺术化展示，表现了人们把握存在的渴望。小说中的对比分显性和隐性两种，分别显示出小说的“表面意义”和“深层意义”，以此作为尺度可判定小说张力的大小和小说的优劣。揭示出小说最基本的对比结构类型，具有文本和阅读的双重意义，小说家通过对比展示小说意义和对存在的思考，读者通过把握对比这个秘密通道使得小说家预设在小说中的意义得到最终实现。

Contrast: Discussion of a Novel Structure

Contrast is an essential narrative structure which is connotative in the plot of novels. It is also an essential method to present the novel meaning. It reflects the artistic corresponding relation between the novel and existence. It manifests the aspiration that people are eager to command the existence as well. The contrast in novels can be divided into two kinds： overt and covert contrast, which respectively illustrate ＂surface meaning＂ and ＂deep meaning＂ of novels. On the basis of this, the tension and the quality of a novel can be determined. To reveal the elementary con- trast structure of a novel has its twofold meaning on both the text and the reading. Through the contrast, the novelist can demonstrate the fiction meaning and the thought on existence and with it the reader can also really understand what the novelist intends to express in his novel.