民国时期首次科学勘测长江三峡略论

1932年底,隶属于南京国民政府参谋本部的国防设计委员会组织并资助有关专家对长江三峡进行了中国有史以来第一次比较科学、全面、系统、深入的多目标勘测调查。它标志着对万里长江的开发,从千百年来传统的农田灌溉向现代的利用水力发电、改善航运等多目标开发的重要转折。这次勘测在实地调查的基础上,提出了长江三峡水力发电勘测报告,为开发长江三峡水电工程具体报告之嚆矢。这次调查还对长江上游水文地质资料进行了梳理和分析,对航运效益进行了初步的估计,对开发三峡的步骤作出了规划。这次勘测调查提出的两个坝址,对于以后三峡坝址的确定产生了重要影响。

Brief View on the First Scientific Surveying Three Gorges of Yangtze River in 1932

By the end of 1932,the Defence Designed Committee,which was affiliated to the General Staff Office of Nanjing National Government had organized and financed some expert to make a more scientific,complete,systemic and thoroughgoing survey investigation about the Three Gorges for the first time in Chinese history.It indicated the important change of the development to Yangze River from the traditional irrigation of agricultural field to the modern utilization of hydroelectricity and improvement of the navigation.On the basis of on-the-spot investigation the survey submitted the report about the hydroelectricity of The Three Gorges of Yangze River.It was the first detailed survey about the development of hydroelectricity project of the Three Gorges.This investigation not only sorted out and analyzed the hydrological and geological data in the upper reach of Yangtze River but also make an initial assess about the navigation profit and planned the step of developing the Three gorges.The two dam sites selected in this survey investigation exert great influence to the final decision of the dam site.