《尚书·牧誓》誓师解

《牧誓》是一篇誓师词,然而"步伐止齐"旧解难圆。根据文意,"伐"当解为"口伐"(声讨)而不是"击刺",而"步伐止齐"是部队向敌军进逼过程中的动作与要求,避免了旧解"击剌"所带来的打打停停的矛盾。根据周武王伐商部队的多方国联合特点,其整齐阵容虽然是从部队整体着眼,而在较大程度上是针对其余的八个方国在进军中可能发生的首鼠两端和惧死不前现象。

On the Pledge Defining of the Document Mu-shi

Mu-shi is defined as a pledge before war, but the old interpretation about the words"Step, strike and stab, stop, keep in good order " (步伐止齐) is unreasonable. It is argued in this essay that the word Fa ("伐") should be interpreted as "condemn" not as "strike and stab". These words are the action and requisition when the army step nearly toward the enemy. Thus can avoid the contradiction of fight-stops, which the old interpretation brings to us. And it further points out, by the allied feature of his army, that keeping the troop in order is claimed mainly toward the other eight tribes, although the allied army should be claimed so on the whole. It is because they probably have their own ideas and fear death. At last, this essay inspects the advantages and disadvantages when the related theories are applied in interpreting the document Mu-shi.