西方股份公司制度在中国最初的实践和评价——官督商办企业的再评价

官督商办企业是西方股份公司制度在中国的最初实践，是中国现代化过程中与国际惯例接轨的一项重要举措，它不但带动了风气的开化，而且带动了一系列相关产业的崛起，对中国现代化建设有推进之功，然而股份公司制度毕竟是与先进的社会化大生产方式联系在一起的，中国传统社会的文物典章、风谷习惯与股份公司制度所需要的社会条件有较大差距，因而股份公司制度在中国表现出了相当的不适应，经营效率低下，1884年金融危机后官督商办企业被迫改革，改革从中小官督商办企业开始，90年代逐步引向大中型官督商办企业，到辛亥革命前夕，官督商办企业基本被改造为商办企业。

The Earliest Practice of Share Company in China

Private enterprises with the supervision of the government were the earliest practice of the system of western share company in China. It played an important role both in the process of Chinese modernization and in its connection with international convention. It not only contributed a great deal to a new spirit but also gave rise to a series of relative industries, thus pushing forward the construction of Chinese modernization. But because of the cultural differences of the East and the West, the share company system was not well accepted in China. After the financial crisis in 1884, these companies were forced to reform into private businesses before the 1911 Revolution.