清代前期的凤翔社会

明至清所修五部凤翔府志反映了明清时期凤翔地区的社会状况:1.明末战乱使凤翔地区人口锐减,土地荒芜.2.清初豁免地丁、兴修水利和道路,恢复了凤翔经济,又广泛任用汉人作官并旌表忠孝节烈,稳定了凤翔社会秩序.3.乾隆年间,凤翔地区人口耕地增加、市镇恢复、城池修葺、学校兴办,呈现盛世繁荣景象.4.生产力低下和剥削残酷使农民生活仍然贫困,政治体制的僵化和教育落后导致的民众观念的保守愚昧,使凤翔社会盛世局面的难于持续.

The community of Fengxiang in Early Qing Dynasty

Five Fengxiang county annals reflect what Fengxiang was like in early Qing Dynasty: 1) The wars at the end of Ming Dynasty resulted in sharp decrease in population and desolation of lands. 2) The economy of Fengxiang was somewhat restored after exempting the tax, building reservoirs and roads in early Qing Dynasty. And meanwhile, some Han people were appointed as officials and the filial were highly honored, which stabilized the social order. 3) During the regn of Emperor Qianlong, the population and land in Fengxiang increased considerably, the town was restored, the schools were opened, which made its prosperity possible. 4) Low productivity and cruel exploitation in this region also resulted in poverty, and the fossilized political system and the backward education led to the consertiveness and ineptitude of the people's conception and the discontinuation of the prosperity.