分贷统还合同的法律性质与违约风险化解

分贷统还合同为政府通过合约统一贴息实现了扶贫资金的公司化运作，有效地发挥财政扶贫资金的整体效益，但也产生了合同法律性质认定争议大、合同履行易受政策变化影响；户贷企用导致贷款用途和资金安全存在风险，公司分红还款系统性违约等弊端，如公司经营不善，贷款亏空，一旦出现系统性违约，不仅影响农村社会稳定和政府公信力，司法机关亦将面临纠纷批量涌入的现实问题。为趋利避害，分贷统还合同有必要在综合衡量扶贫目的、公司盈利及扶贫责任和银行资金安全的基础上，调整户贷企用政策，甄别债权类型，考虑违约的具体情势，从实操层面化解分贷统还合同违约风险。

The Legal Nature and Default Risk Resolution of the Uniform Return Contract of Divided Credit

This is a form contract in which the government provides a loan discount and the loan is repaid uniformly by the company when it matures. The Uniform Return Contract of Divided Credit realizes the corporatization of poverty alleviation fund by the government through the unified discount of contract, and effectively exerts the overall benefit of financial poverty alleviation fund, but it also produces controversial legal nature of the contract, and the contract performance is vulnerable to policy changes.The policy of household loan and enterprise use leads to risks in the use of loans and the security of funds, and the company''s dividend repayment system defaults, such as the company''s poor management, loan deficits, and the occurrence of systematic defaults, which not only affects the stability of rural society and the credibility of the government, but also the judicial organs will face the reality of the influx of disputes in batches. In order to make the most of the advantages and avoid the disadvantages, it is necessary to adjust the policy of household loan and enterprise use, screen the types of creditor''s rights, consider the specific situation of breach of contract, and resolve the risk of breach of contract from the practical level on the basis of comprehensively measuring the Uniform Return Contract of Divided Credit''s purpose of poverty alleviation, the company''s earnings, the responsibility of poverty alleviation and the safety of bank funds.