“用制度保护生态环境”笔谈——解决资源危机：技术重要还是制度重要？

通过技术进步不一定能够找到替代资源，而且即使能够找到，也要将经济活动限制在生态承载力之内，如此，就应该大力发展稳态经济；通过技术进步肯定能提高资源的利用率，一定程度上减少了资源利用，但是，如果不改变消费主义文化和市场经济资本逻辑，技术进步只可能增加资源消耗，加剧资源危机，鉴此，应该大力发展非物质经济；资源危机并不必然带来技术进步，只有进行制度变革，创造良好的社会环境，才能有利于技术创新和资源危机的解决；在解决资源危机这一问题上，技术进步在很多时候并不一定比制度变革更有利。总之，对于资源危机的解决，制度设置及其贯彻比技术进步及其应用更重要，应该更加重视通过制度变革而不是单纯通过技术创新来解决资源危机。

Resolution of Resource Crisis:Technology or Institution

Technological progress may not find alternative resource. Although alternatives may be found, economic activity should still be constrained within the ecological capacity. Thus, we should strive to develop stable economy. Technological progress is bound to increase the efficiency of resources, which, to some extent, decreases the use of recourses. However, the consumerism culture and the capital logic of market economy remain unchanged, technological progress can merely increase resource consumption and aggravate the resource crisis. Thus, we need to strive to develop non-material economy. Resource crisis does not necessarily lead to technological progress. Only with the institutional reform and benign social environment can technological progress be achieved and the resource crisis be resolved. In many cases, the technological approach hardly shows advantage over the institutional reform in terms of resource crisis resolution. In this sense, institution is more important than technology, and therefore, we should put emphasis on institutional reform rather than technological innovation for resolving the resource crisis