文化转型时代的思想革新与文风变迁——论元和诗变与元和体

唐代中期的贞元、元和之际,为适应社会政治秩序的重建和庶族文人登上政治舞台的需要,传统儒学得到新的阐释,从而促发思想革新和文风变迁,其最突出的表现是儒家政教文学观的高扬和文学复古运动的蓬勃开展。同时,元和时代又蕴藏着深刻的社会矛盾,在文人理想破灭和心理的压抑下,使得元和文学在“明道”、“讽谕”之外,进而衍生两大流向:一是偏重奇险崛奥,二是偏重感伤闲适。作为当时文坛最重要现象的“元和诗变”,实际上正是那一特定的文化转型时代政治的、思想的、文化的因素在文学领域的集中体现。因此,所谓“元和体”,显然并非仅是元稹和白居易的某种类型诗作的特指,而是包容着深广而丰富的时代性内涵。

Thoughts Innovation and Literary Style Change in Culture Transformation era——On Yuanhe Poetic Evolution and Yuanhe Style

During Zhenyuan and Yuanhe period in Mid-Tang Dynasty,for accommodating to the rebuilding of social political system and ordinary literati's entering political arena,traditional Confucianism was newly explained which brought thoughts innovation and literary style change,the most prominent representation was the advocating of Confucian political literature view and the flourishing development of "Back to the Ancients" literary drive.Meanwhile,there was profound social contradiction in Yuanhe era,the disillusion of literati's ideal and repressed psychology made Yuanhe literature derive two trends out of"Interpretation of Tao" and "Allegory",one stressed on grotesque and the other stressed on pathos.As the most important phenomenon in the literary world then,"Yuanhe poetic evolution" was in fact the centralized embodiment of political,ideological and cultural factors in literature field at that certain culture transformation era.Therefore,the so-called "Yuanhe style" not only means Yuanzhen and Bai Juyi's some kind of poems,but contains profoud and abundant epoch connotation.