师范大学研究生批判性思维之现状考察与提升策略

批判性思维是科学创新的前提,是研究生开启科学创新之门的钥匙,它与处理信息的能力、解决问题的能力、学习能力及全球意识一起被列为未来社会公民的五大技能。为了解硕士研究生批判性思维能力的整体水平和具体表现,本研究采用彭美慈等人修订的适合于我国本土文化的"批判性思维特质测量表",对来自湖北、陕西、广东和山西省4所师范大学（其中2所为教育部直属师范大学）的2 660名硕士研究生进行问卷调查。结果发现：（1）测查样本批判性思维特质的总体得分为274.6（小于280）,明显偏低;（2）教育部直属师范大学硕士研究生的批判性思维特质得分显著高于省属师范大学硕士研究生,同时学术型硕士研究生的批判性思维特质得分显著高于应用型硕士研究生;（3）硕士研究生的批判性思维特质在性别、年级和学科大类方面没有显著差异。为了提高研究生批判性思维能力的整体水平,首先,要真正确立批判性思维在研究生教育中的地位;其次,师范大学应优先将批判性思维训练课程化;最后,要加大对研究生批判性思维的研究和测查。

The Survey and Analysis of the Critical Thinking Traits of Master Degree Candidates in Normal Universities

With the method of the critical thinking disposition inventory (Chinese version), 2660 master degree candidates from four normal universities in four provinces were surveyed. The results show that:(1) The overall score of critical thinking traits of test sample is 274.6 (< 280), which is obviously low; (2) The score of critical thinking traits of academic postgraduate students in normal universities directly subordinate to the Ministry of Education was significantly higher than that of professional postgraduate students in provincial normal universities; (3) Master degree candidates'' critical thinking shows no significant differences in gender, grade and subject. In order to improve more and more students'' critical thinking ability, we should first establish the status of critical thinking in postgraduate education. Secondly, normal universities should give priority to put critical thinking education into curricula. Finally, it is necessary to increase the research and survey of critical thinking.