新中国农地产权制度变迁:历程、动因及启示

土地制度是农村的基础性制度，梳理新中国成立以来的农地产权制度变迁具有重要价值。新中国成立以来，农地制度的变迁先后经历了新中国成立初期的“产权合一”、集体化时期的“两权分离”、改革开放以后的“两权分离”和新常态以来的“三权分置”四个阶段。每个阶段的农地制度变迁都是特定时空条件下现实环境约束以及发展战略选择的结果，产权演变存在短期强化和长期分割的相互交织，演变目标则在共时和历时上都呈现多重性特征。未来农地制度的变革应当根据环境约束调整发展战略，坚持自上而下和自下而上相结合，稳步推进农地产权制度改革。

Change of Rural Land Tenure System in New China: Process, Motivation and Enlightenment: An Economic Narrative based on the Macro-History

The land tenure system is the basic system of the rural area, and it is of great value to sort out the changes in the rural land property rights system since the founding of new China in 1949. The changes of the land tenure system have gone through four stages:the Unity of Property Rights in the early days after the founding of new China, the Separation of Two Rights in the collectivization period, the Separation of Two Rights after the reform and opening-up, and the Separation of Three Rights at the present stage. The change of land tenure system at each stage is the result of realistic environmental constraints and development strategy selection under specific time and space conditions. The evolution of property rights is characterized by short-term strengthening intertwined with long-term segmentation, and the evolution targets present multiple characteristics both synchronically and diachronically. For future reform of the land tenure system, the development strategy shall be adjusted in the light of environmental constraints, top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top strategies shall be combined so as to steadily promote the reform of the rural land property rights system.