从程序性视角看澜沧江-湄公河跨界环境影响评价机制的法律建构

澜沧江-湄公河是一条对于中国和其他流域国家以及区域性社会、经济和环境保护具有重要意义的国际性跨界河流。从澜沧江-湄公河的实际情况出发,在可持续发展的国际法律框架下建构澜沧江-湄公河跨界环境影响评价机制,对于中国和其他流域国家是一种务实、可行的选择。文章认为,中国-东盟对话合作机制、中国-东盟自由贸易区、湄公河委员会等一些现有的东盟国家与中国的合作机制,为建构澜沧江-湄公河的跨界环境影响评价机制提供了区域性的国际合作基础。而现阶段务实、可行的目标是促进流域各国对跨界环境影响评价基本理念的接纳,并通过建构跨界环境影响评价的程序性机制,培育各国间解决澜沧江-湄公河可持续发展的善意合作氛围。文章提出,当前建构澜沧江-湄公河流域跨界环境影响评价机制的核心问题在于增加流域相关信息透明度和促进流域国家社会公众的参与,以增强流域国家之间的协商和合作,并推动公民社会的有效参与。

Legal Construction of Trans-boundary EIAMechanisms in Mekong River Basin:A Procedural Perspective

Lancang-Mekong River is a socially, economically and environmentally important trans-boundary river for China and other five countries in the SouthEast Asia. Based on the realities of the river basin, the paper proposes to construct transboundary environmental impact assessment (TEIA) mechanisms under the international legal framework of sustainable development and suggests that such cooperative mechanisms as ASEAN-China Dialogue Relations, ASEAN-China Free Trade Areas and Mekong River Commission between China and ASEAN countries lay the cooperative foundations for developing TEIA in the river basin. Currently, the feasible aim of TEIA in the river basin is to make the riparian countries accept the ideas of TEIA, develop TEIA mechanisms in a procedural sense and promote a cooperative atmosphere in good faith. In particular, the paper finally discusses the two key issues of developing procedural TEIA in the river basin, i.e., accessibility to relevant environmental information and promotion of public participation in decision-makings.