论侵权责任构成要件“违法性”之伪

侵权法中,违法性学说的发展最终让耶林眼中的＂客观违法＂要件走入了绝境,这是违法性学说的必然结果,也是对《法国民法典》第1382条中＂faute＂的误解的必然结果。＂faute＂包含两个核心内容即主观否定性评价与客观否定性评价,主观否定性评价是过错,而客观否定性评价是不正当性而不是违法性。侵权法中的违法性要件是个伪命题,违法性并非民事侵权责任构成要件。

Proofing the Falsity of the "Illegality" Constitutive Element of Tort Liability

With the development of doctrine of ＂illegality＂ in Tort Law,the constitutive element of ＂objective illegality＂ held by Jhering is eventually driven to the last ditch,which is not only an inevitable consequence of the ＂illegality＂ doctrine in itself,but also a result of the misunderstanding of ＂faute＂ in Article 1382 in French Civil Code.The term of ＂faute＂ contains two core contents,that is,subjective negative evaluation and objective negative evaluation.The former refers to fault,and the latter doesn＇t mean illegality but malfeasance instead.The ＂illegality＂ constitutive element in Tort Law acts as nothing but a pseudo-proposition and ＂illegality＂ is not the constitutive element of civil liability of tort.