保险缔约告知义务论

合意说与诚信说是两大法系不同法律体系背景下对保险缔约告知义务给出的合理解释。在保险活动中,对投保人和被保险人均应课以告知义务。告知义务的履行应于保险合同订立时进行,保险合同复效时投保人和被保险人也应履行告知义务。对应告知事项的界定,我国保险法系采取“询问告知主义”。违反告知义务的构成要件包括过失、对具体询问事项未如实告知、该不实告知对危险测定有影响。违反如实义务的后果一般为解除合同,但我国保险法的相关规定值得检讨。

On the Pre-contractual Duty of Disclosure in Insurance Law

The two major legal systems have different explanations about the pre-contractual duty of disclosure in insurance law: one is the Agreement Theory,and the other is the Good Faith Theory.Both the applicant and the insured should bear the obligation of disclosure when making or restating the insurance contract.The scope of the disclosure duty is limited to what the insurer enquires in our insurance law.Breach of the disclosure duty has three constitutive conditions: fault disclosure,unfaithful disclosure or an unfaithful disclosure with an effect on evaluating the danger.Generally speaking,the remedy of the breach of duty is contract rescission,and the relevant provisions of insurance law in our country deserve rethinking.