庆阳市董志塬水土保持对策研究

水土流失已严重制约了董志塬区工农业生产的发展,采取保土治水的综合治理措施十分必要和迫切,文章提出了一些具体可行的治理对策:在塬面中心区可采取"井田"工程、路、网、渠工程、居民新村"集雨用水"工程、隔离带工程等对策;在塬面边缘区可采取防冲林工程、堤、坝、渠、池、塘工程、梯田内修建环形渗水壕沟工程、填沟造地工程、"汇水单元"水保工程等对策;在坡面区可采取修建梯田、密植林草、自觉利用坡面区的凹形坑沟等对策;在沟道区可采取分级筑坝、拦泥填沟、修筑谷坊、引洪漫地等对策。这些对策的实施可以有效利用董志塬区的水资源,泥沙就近拦截集蓄,不再流入下游河道,塬面区建成一块块平展的农田,坡面区建成梯田区和林草生态覆盖区,沟道区建成水产种植养殖区,把整个董志塬区建成人与自然和谐发展的典型示范区。

Measures to Conserve Soil and Water on Dongzhi Plateau

Soil and water erosion severely restricts the development of both industrial and agricultural production in Dongzhi plateau,so it is not only necessary but also urgent to adopt multiple measures to conserve water and soil in this area.This paper focuses on seaeral practicable measures of water and soil conservation,mainly including: (1) In the center of the plateau,we should carry our the project of "square field"divided by roads or irrigation canal networks,rain water collecting in the residential area,and isolating belts.(2) At the edge of the plateau,we can build anti-flooding forests,dams,ditches canals,pools,terraced field,and "water collecting units"(3) On the slopes we can build terraced field,plant trees and grasses,atilize the existing low-lying area and pits.(4) In the gully area, we Mar.build dams at different levels,retain silts to fill ditches,and take advantage of flood to expand field.In the implementation of the measures mentioned above,it is necessary to make use of the water resources efficiently, prevent mud and sand from flowing into lower reaches,build flat and terraced field and green-covered ecological area, develop inlet chanels and pools into aquaculture area as well.Thus Dongzhi plateau will be turned into a model area for harmonious co-existance of man and nature.