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Group cooperation under uncertainty
Authors:Min Gong  Jonathan Baron  Howard Kunreuther
Institution:1. Center for Research on Environmental Decisions, Columbia University, 406 Schermerhorn Hall—MC 5501, 1190 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY, 10027, USA
2. Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
3. Decisions Sciences and Public Policy, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
4. Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Abstract:Previous research has shown an ‘interindividual-intergroup discontinuity effect’: intergroup interactions generally lead to less cooperative outcomes than interindividual interactions. We replicate the discontinuity effect in the deterministic prisoner’s dilemma, but find that groups are more cooperative than individuals in a stochastic version of the game. Three major factors that underlie the usual discontinuity effect are reduced in the stochastic environment: greed, fear, and persuasion power. Two group mechanisms are proposed to explain the reversed discontinuity effect: the motivation to avoid guilt and blame when making decisions that affect others’ welfare, and the social pressure to conform to certain norms when one is in a group setting.
Keywords:
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